Shortness of breath

SECTION 5

How is shortness of breath treated?

Treatment targets the cause. There is no single medicine that treats every type of breathlessness.

Heart failure and excess fluid

Diuretics, often called “water pills,” help the body remove extra salt and fluid. Other heart failure medicines help protect the heart and improve outcomes. Treatment depends on the type of heart failure, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.

Some patients benefit from a procedure or a device such as a resynchronization pacemaker. These options are chosen for specific heart findings, not breathlessness alone.

Coronary artery, valve, or rhythm problems

Treatment may involve medicines, restoring or controlling the heart rhythm, treating a significant valve problem, or improving coronary blood flow when indicated. Your cardiologist will explain which approach fits your diagnosis.

Lung disease or other causes

Asthma or COPD may require inhalers. Other treatment may address an infection, anemia, or another identified condition. Oxygen is prescribed when medically indicated; it is not needed for every patient who feels breathless.

Habits and rehabilitation

Avoid smoking and follow your prescribed plan. Once it is safe, gradual activity or a supervised rehabilitation program may improve stamina. Your clinician may recommend weight management or a personalized salt and fluid plan.

Do not change diuretic doses or restrict fluids on your own unless your care team has given you a specific plan.

Sources: NHLBI: Heart failure treatment · Cleveland Clinic: Treatment