Cholesterol medicines
Alirocumab
Also called: Praluent
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular risk in eligible patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
An injectable PCSK9 medicine; ask your pharmacist to demonstrate the injection technique.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Amiodarone
Also called: Pacerone; Cordarone (older name)
Why it may be prescribed
To suppress selected atrial or ventricular rhythm problems, including AFib when chosen by your specialist.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Needs monitoring for thyroid, liver, lung, eye, and rhythm effects. Report a new cough, breathlessness, or vision change promptly.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Amlodipine
Also called: Norvasc
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure or prevent angina by relaxing blood vessels.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
Can cause ankle swelling. Unlike diltiazem, it is not used to slow AFib heart rate.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Anticoagulants
Apixaban
Also called: Eliquis
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce stroke risk from AFib, or to treat or prevent certain blood clots.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower the chance of a clot forming. For AFib, they protect against stroke; they do not correct the rhythm.
Important for this medicine
Protection depends on taking it as prescribed; do not stop because your rhythm feels normal.
What to watch for
Bruising and bleeding can occur. Ask before adding aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or supplements. Tell every clinician before a procedure; get an individualized plan rather than stopping on your own.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiplatelet medicines
Aspirin
Also called: Bayer; Ecotrin; low-dose aspirin
Why it may be prescribed
To help prevent another heart attack or protect a coronary stent when prescribed.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines make platelets less sticky, helping prevent clots in arteries and coronary stents.
Important for this medicine
Not everyone needs daily aspirin. Check before starting it or combining it with a blood thinner.
What to watch for
Bleeding and bruising can occur. Stopping after a stent can cause a dangerous clot. Ask your cardiology team before stopping, including for dental work or surgery. Aspirin is not a substitute for an AFib anticoagulant.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Atenolol
Also called: Tenormin
Why it may be prescribed
To treat blood pressure, angina, or certain fast heart rates.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
It is not interchangeable with the beta blockers proven to improve heart failure with a weakened pump outcomes.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Atorvastatin
Also called: Lipitor
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce heart attack or stroke risk in people who benefit from a statin.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Report unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially with dark urine. Ask about interactions and pregnancy plans.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Bempedoic acid
Also called: Nexletol; Nexlizet (with ezetimibe)
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol; it can also reduce cardiovascular events in eligible patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Can increase uric acid or cause gout; report new tendon pain or swelling.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Bisoprolol
Also called: Zebeta
Why it may be prescribed
To treat blood pressure; also used for heart failure with reduced pumping function.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
One of the beta blockers with evidence of benefit in heart failure with a weakened pump.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Bumetanide
Also called: Bumex
Why it may be prescribed
To relieve swelling and fluid buildup, including congestion from heart failure.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
This loop diuretic can lower potassium. It relieves fluid symptoms but does not replace other heart failure medicines.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Carvedilol
Also called: Coreg; Coreg CR
Why it may be prescribed
To treat blood pressure and help the heart in heart failure with reduced pumping function.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
May cause lightheadedness on standing.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Chlorthalidone
Also called: Thalitone; Hygroton (older name)
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure; sometimes to reduce extra fluid.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
Can change sodium and potassium levels or worsen gout; blood tests may be needed.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiplatelet medicines
Clopidogrel
Also called: Plavix
Why it may be prescribed
To protect a coronary stent or reduce the risk of another heart attack or certain strokes.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines make platelets less sticky, helping prevent clots in arteries and coronary stents.
Important for this medicine
Often paired with aspirin for a defined period. Ask about interactions, including omeprazole.
What to watch for
Bleeding and bruising can occur. Stopping after a stent can cause a dangerous clot. Ask your cardiology team before stopping, including for dental work or surgery. Aspirin is not a substitute for an AFib anticoagulant.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Anticoagulants
Dabigatran
Also called: Pradaxa
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce stroke risk in eligible people with AFib or to treat or prevent certain blood clots.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower the chance of a clot forming. For AFib, they protect against stroke; they do not correct the rhythm.
Important for this medicine
Capsule handling and kidney function matter; ask your pharmacist about your formulation.
What to watch for
Bruising and bleeding can occur. Ask before adding aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or supplements. Tell every clinician before a procedure; get an individualized plan rather than stopping on your own.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Dapagliflozin
Also called: Farxiga
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce worsening heart failure and protect kidneys in eligible patients, even without diabetes.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Ask for a written illness/fasting/procedure plan. Nausea, abdominal pain, and rapid breathing need urgent assessment for possible ketoacidosis.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart rate-control medicines
Digoxin
Also called: Lanoxin
Why it may be prescribed
To help control heart rate in selected AFib patients or improve symptoms in selected heart failure patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines slow signals reaching the lower chambers or slow the heartbeat. They may improve symptoms without eliminating AFib itself.
Important for this medicine
Kidney function and sometimes drug levels need checking. Report nausea, poor appetite, vision changes, or a new abnormal heartbeat promptly.
What to watch for
A slow pulse, dizziness, or faintness can occur. Keep follow-up visits and ask what symptoms or readings should prompt a call. Rate control does not replace stroke prevention when needed.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart rate-control medicines
Diltiazem
Also called: Cardizem; Cartia XT; Tiazac; Dilt-XR
Why it may be prescribed
To slow the ventricular rate in AFib or other fast rhythms; also used for blood pressure or angina.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines slow signals reaching the lower chambers or slow the heartbeat. They may improve symptoms without eliminating AFib itself.
Important for this medicine
This is a rate-control calcium channel blocker, not an AFib cure. It is generally avoided when the heart’s pumping function is reduced.
What to watch for
A slow pulse, dizziness, or faintness can occur. Keep follow-up visits and ask what symptoms or readings should prompt a call. Rate control does not replace stroke prevention when needed.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Dofetilide
Also called: Tikosyn
Why it may be prescribed
To help restore or maintain normal rhythm in AFib or atrial flutter.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Starting or restarting requires at least 3 days of monitored care. Kidney tests, EKGs, and interaction checks are essential; call your team after missed doses before restarting.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Dronedarone
Also called: Multaq
Why it may be prescribed
To help maintain normal rhythm and reduce AFib-related hospitalization in selected patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Not for permanent AFib or certain severe/recently worsened heart failure. Your clinician must check rhythm and suitability.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Anticoagulants
Edoxaban
Also called: Savaysa
Why it may be prescribed
To lower AFib-related stroke risk in eligible patients or treat certain blood clots.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower the chance of a clot forming. For AFib, they protect against stroke; they do not correct the rhythm.
Important for this medicine
Kidney function affects whether this is the right medicine and dose.
What to watch for
Bruising and bleeding can occur. Ask before adding aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or supplements. Tell every clinician before a procedure; get an individualized plan rather than stopping on your own.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Empagliflozin
Also called: Jardiance
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce heart failure hospitalization risk and protect the heart or kidneys in eligible patients—with or without diabetes.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Can cause genital yeast infection or dehydration; rare ketoacidosis can occur even with normal sugar. Ask for a written illness/fasting/procedure plan.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Enalapril
Also called: Vasotec; Epaned
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure, or in selected patients to help a weakened heart and reduce strain.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ACE inhibitor: may cause a dry cough or high potassium. Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat is an emergency. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Eplerenone
Also called: Inspra
Why it may be prescribed
To protect the heart in selected patients with a weakened heart, or to treat blood pressure.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Can raise potassium; keep kidney and potassium blood test appointments.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Evolocumab
Also called: Repatha
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular risk in eligible patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
An injectable PCSK9 medicine. Injection-site reactions can occur; follow your prescribed injection schedule.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Ezetimibe
Also called: Zetia
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol by reducing cholesterol absorption from the intestine, often added to a statin.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Combination products may contain a statin too; have your pharmacist check for duplicate ingredients.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Flecainide
Also called: Tambocor (older name)
Why it may be prescribed
To prevent episodes of AFib or other selected fast rhythms in appropriately screened patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Not suitable for some heart conditions, including prior heart attack or significant structural disease. May cause dizziness or blurred vision. Take an extra dose only under a specific prescribed plan.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Furosemide
Also called: Lasix
Why it may be prescribed
To relieve swelling and fluid buildup, including congestion from heart failure.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
This loop diuretic can lower potassium. It relieves fluid symptoms but does not replace other heart failure medicines.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Hydralazine
Also called: Apresoline (older name)
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure; sometimes paired with isosorbide dinitrate for selected heart failure patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
Can cause headache or a fast heartbeat. Report new joint pains, fever, or rash.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Hydralazine / isosorbide dinitrate
Also called: BiDil
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce the heart’s workload and improve outcomes in selected patients with heart failure with a weakened pump.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Contains a nitrate: never combine with sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or riociguat. Headache and low blood pressure can occur.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Hydrochlorothiazide
Also called: HCTZ; Microzide; HydroDIURIL
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure or treat some types of fluid retention.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
Can lower sodium or potassium and may worsen gout. It must not be combined with dofetilide.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Inclisiran
Also called: Leqvio
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol by helping the liver remove more LDL from the blood.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Given by a healthcare professional. Its proven LDL-lowering effect should not be confused with a guarantee of preventing a heart attack.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Angina medicines
Isosorbide dinitrate
Also called: Isordil; Dilatrate-SR
Why it may be prescribed
To prevent angina or, with hydralazine, help selected heart failure patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help with chest discomfort related to reduced blood flow to the heart. Some prevent episodes; certain forms of nitroglycerin treat an episode.
Important for this medicine
A nitrate: never combine with sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or riociguat. Use only the formulation and schedule prescribed.
What to watch for
New, severe, persistent, or different chest discomfort needs emergency assessment. Do not rely on this index to rule out a heart attack. Follow your prescribed chest-pain action plan.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Angina medicines
Isosorbide mononitrate
Also called: Imdur; ISMO (older names)
Why it may be prescribed
To prevent angina episodes by relaxing blood vessels.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help with chest discomfort related to reduced blood flow to the heart. Some prevent episodes; certain forms of nitroglycerin treat an episode.
Important for this medicine
This is not a rescue medicine for sudden chest pain. Never combine with sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or riociguat.
What to watch for
New, severe, persistent, or different chest discomfort needs emergency assessment. Do not rely on this index to rule out a heart attack. Follow your prescribed chest-pain action plan.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Ivabradine
Also called: Corlanor
Why it may be prescribed
To slow the sinus heart rate and lower hospitalization risk in selected patients with heart failure with a weakened pump.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Used in specific patients in normal sinus rhythm; it is not a general AFib rate-control medicine. Can cause a slow pulse or visual brightness.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Lisinopril
Also called: Zestril; Prinivil
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure, or in selected patients to help a weakened heart and reduce strain.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ACE inhibitor: may cause a dry cough or high potassium. Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat is an emergency. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Losartan
Also called: Cozaar
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure; sometimes also used for heart failure or kidney protection in selected patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ARB: kidney function and potassium may need monitoring. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Metolazone
Also called: Zaroxolyn
Why it may be prescribed
To help remove extra fluid when another water pill alone is not enough.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
Often added to a loop diuretic under close supervision. Follow the exact schedule; combined treatment can cause dehydration or very low blood salts.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Metoprolol succinate
Also called: Toprol-XL; Kapspargo Sprinkle; metoprolol ER
Why it may be prescribed
To slow the heart, treat blood pressure or angina, or improve outcomes in heart failure with a reduced pumping function.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
The long-acting form has heart failure benefits. It differs from metoprolol tartrate.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Metoprolol tartrate
Also called: Lopressor
Why it may be prescribed
To slow a fast heart rate, treat blood pressure or angina, or help after a heart attack.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
This shorter-acting form is not the same formulation as metoprolol succinate.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Beta blockers
Nebivolol
Also called: Bystolic
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
Your clinician may choose it based on your blood pressure and other health conditions.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Nifedipine extended-release
Also called: Procardia XL; Adalat CC; nifedipine ER
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure or prevent angina.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
Extended-release forms are used for ongoing treatment. Do not substitute a different formulation yourself.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Angina medicines
Nitroglycerin
Also called: Nitrostat; Nitrolingual; Nitro-Dur
Why it may be prescribed
To relieve angina with a prescribed under-the-tongue tablet or spray; patches help prevent episodes.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help with chest discomfort related to reduced blood flow to the heart. Some prevent episodes; certain forms of nitroglycerin treat an episode.
Important for this medicine
Never combine with sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or riociguat. Sit down because blood pressure may fall. Follow your rescue plan and call 911 for possible heart attack symptoms.
What to watch for
New, severe, persistent, or different chest discomfort needs emergency assessment. Do not rely on this index to rule out a heart attack. Follow your prescribed chest-pain action plan.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Blood vessel medicines
Olmesartan
Also called: Benicar
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure and reduce the strain high blood pressure places on the heart and arteries.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ARB: kidney function and potassium may need monitoring. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Electrolyte replacement
Potassium chloride
Also called: Klor-Con; K-Tab; Micro-K
Why it may be prescribed
To replace or prevent low potassium, often when a water pill lowers the level.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Potassium helps muscles and the heart’s electrical system work normally. A prescription may replace potassium lost through a water pill.
Important for this medicine
Can upset the stomach. Never take extra for a skipped beat without advice; both low and high potassium can affect rhythm.
What to watch for
Too much potassium can also be dangerous. Kidney function and potassium blood tests guide treatment. Do not add potassium supplements or potassium-based salt substitutes without checking.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiplatelet medicines
Prasugrel
Also called: Effient
Why it may be prescribed
To help protect a coronary stent in selected patients treated for an acute coronary event.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines make platelets less sticky, helping prevent clots in arteries and coronary stents.
Important for this medicine
Do not take if you have had a stroke or TIA. Tell your prescriber immediately if this history applies to you.
What to watch for
Bleeding and bruising can occur. Stopping after a stent can cause a dangerous clot. Ask your cardiology team before stopping, including for dental work or surgery. Aspirin is not a substitute for an AFib anticoagulant.
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Cholesterol medicines
Pravastatin
Also called: Pravachol
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce heart attack or stroke risk in people who benefit from a statin.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Report unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially with dark urine. Ask about interactions and pregnancy plans.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
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Antiarrhythmic medicines
Propafenone
Also called: Rythmol; Rythmol SR
Why it may be prescribed
To help prevent selected abnormal rhythm episodes, including AFib in appropriate patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Not suitable for some structural heart diseases or prior heart attack. Can cause dizziness or an unusual taste. EKG monitoring and interaction checks are important.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
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Beta blockers
Propranolol
Also called: Inderal; Inderal LA; InnoPran XL
Why it may be prescribed
To slow certain fast rhythms, treat angina or blood pressure, or address selected noncardiac conditions.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines turn down the effects of stress hormones on the heart. Uses vary by medicine and by your condition.
Important for this medicine
Tell your clinician about asthma or wheezing.
What to watch for
Tiredness, dizziness, and a slow pulse can occur. Do not stop suddenly. Ask your clinician what pulse or blood pressure should prompt a call; do not invent a personal hold rule.
More medication information ↗
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Blood vessel medicines
Ramipril
Also called: Altace
Why it may be prescribed
To lower blood pressure, or in selected patients to help a weakened heart and reduce strain.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ACE inhibitor: may cause a dry cough or high potassium. Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat is an emergency. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
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Angina medicines
Ranolazine
Also called: Ranexa; Aspruzyo Sprinkle
Why it may be prescribed
To reduce ongoing angina episodes.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help with chest discomfort related to reduced blood flow to the heart. Some prevent episodes; certain forms of nitroglycerin treat an episode.
Important for this medicine
Not a rescue medicine. Can cause dizziness or constipation and affect the QT interval (the heart’s electrical recovery time); interaction checks matter.
What to watch for
New, severe, persistent, or different chest discomfort needs emergency assessment. Do not rely on this index to rule out a heart attack. Follow your prescribed chest-pain action plan.
More medication information ↗
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Anticoagulants
Rivaroxaban
Also called: Xarelto
Why it may be prescribed
To prevent AFib-related stroke or treat blood clots; a different low-dose regimen is used in selected artery disease patients.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower the chance of a clot forming. For AFib, they protect against stroke; they do not correct the rhythm.
Important for this medicine
Uses, dose, and food instructions differ. Follow your own bottle and prescription.
What to watch for
Bruising and bleeding can occur. Ask before adding aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or supplements. Tell every clinician before a procedure; get an individualized plan rather than stopping on your own.
More medication information ↗
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Cholesterol medicines
Rosuvastatin
Also called: Crestor; Ezallor Sprinkle
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce heart attack or stroke risk in people who benefit from a statin.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Report unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially with dark urine. Ask about interactions and pregnancy plans.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Sacubitril / valsartan
Also called: Entresto
Why it may be prescribed
To help people with certain types of heart failure stay out of hospital and live longer.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
ARNI: do not combine with an ACE inhibitor; at least 36 hours must separate them. Contains an ARB already. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Cholesterol medicines
Simvastatin
Also called: Zocor; FloLipid
Why it may be prescribed
To lower LDL cholesterol and reduce heart attack or stroke risk in people who benefit from a statin.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Some also lower the risk of a heart attack or stroke in people at risk. You may not feel a change while they work.
Important for this medicine
Report unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially with dark urine. Ask about interactions and pregnancy plans.
What to watch for
Keep cholesterol follow-up appointments. Report side effects and ask about alternatives if needed. Medicines in this group work differently and are not automatically interchangeable.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiarrhythmic medicines
Sotalol
Also called: Betapace; Betapace AF; Sorine; Sotylize
Why it may be prescribed
To help prevent AFib/flutter or selected dangerous ventricular rhythms; it also slows the heart rate.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines change electrical signals to reduce episodes of an abnormal rhythm. Rhythm control does not replace stroke protection when it is needed.
Important for this medicine
Can prolong the QT interval (the heart’s electrical recovery time). Starting or restarting requires a clinician-directed monitoring plan, often in hospital; kidney function and blood salts matter.
What to watch for
Keep EKG and lab appointments. These medicines can sometimes cause a new or more dangerous rhythm. Have your pharmacist check every new prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart failure medicines
Spironolactone
Also called: Aldactone; CaroSpir
Why it may be prescribed
To protect the heart in selected heart failure patients, lower blood pressure, or address fluid retention.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Different medicines protect the heart in different ways. A medicine originally used for blood pressure or diabetes may be prescribed for your heart even when you do not have that condition.
Important for this medicine
Can raise potassium; kidney and potassium tests are needed. Breast tenderness or enlargement can occur.
What to watch for
Keep follow-up and lab appointments. Several medicines may be used together because their benefits add up. The right combination depends on your heart function, kidney function, blood pressure, and other conditions.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Antiplatelet medicines
Ticagrelor
Also called: Brilinta
Why it may be prescribed
To lower clot risk after certain heart attacks or coronary stents.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines make platelets less sticky, helping prevent clots in arteries and coronary stents.
Important for this medicine
Can cause shortness of breath. Report new breathlessness so the cause can be assessed.
What to watch for
Bleeding and bruising can occur. Stopping after a stent can cause a dangerous clot. Ask your cardiology team before stopping, including for dental work or surgery. Aspirin is not a substitute for an AFib anticoagulant.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Diuretics / water pills
Torsemide
Also called: Demadex; Soaanz
Why it may be prescribed
To relieve swelling and fluid buildup, including congestion from heart failure.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines help the kidneys remove salt and water. They can reduce swelling and congestion; some are also used for blood pressure.
Important for this medicine
This loop diuretic can lower potassium. It relieves fluid symptoms but does not replace other heart failure medicines.
What to watch for
More urination, dizziness, dehydration, and changes in blood salts can occur. Kidney and electrolyte blood tests may be needed. Follow your written fluid and weight plan; take extra doses only if your care team has told you to.
More medication information ↗
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Blood vessel medicines
Valsartan
Also called: Diovan
Why it may be prescribed
To treat blood pressure or heart failure, or help selected patients after a heart attack.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
Lowering blood pressure protects the heart, brain, and kidneys over time—even when high blood pressure causes no symptoms.
Important for this medicine
ARB: kidney function and potassium may need monitoring. Not safe in pregnancy.
What to watch for
Dizziness can occur, especially when standing. Keep a home blood pressure log. Some medicines require kidney and potassium blood tests. Report troublesome side effects rather than changing the dose yourself.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine
Heart rate-control medicines
Verapamil
Also called: Calan; Verelan
Why it may be prescribed
To slow selected fast rhythms or treat blood pressure or angina.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines slow signals reaching the lower chambers or slow the heartbeat. They may improve symptoms without eliminating AFib itself.
Important for this medicine
Can cause constipation or a slow pulse; generally avoided with reduced heart pumping function.
What to watch for
A slow pulse, dizziness, or faintness can occur. Keep follow-up visits and ask what symptoms or readings should prompt a call. Rate control does not replace stroke prevention when needed.
More medication information ↗
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Anticoagulants
Warfarin
Also called: Jantoven; Coumadin (older name)
Why it may be prescribed
To prevent or treat clots, including in people with certain mechanical heart valves or AFib.
How it helps & what to know
How this group helps
These medicines lower the chance of a clot forming. For AFib, they protect against stroke; they do not correct the rhythm.
Important for this medicine
Needs INR blood tests. Keep vitamin K food intake consistent rather than avoiding all leafy greens.
What to watch for
Bruising and bleeding can occur. Ask before adding aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or supplements. Tell every clinician before a procedure; get an individualized plan rather than stopping on your own.
More medication information ↗
Link to this medicine